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Human land use and non-native fish species erode ecosystem services by changing community size structure

Nature Ecology & Evolution volume 9, pages 801–809 (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

Organism body size influences ecosystem services, and human pressures alter the size structure of ecological communities. However, our understanding of how different human-induced pressures (such as land use and biotic invasion) interact to drive community size structure and ecosystem services remains limited. Combining 21 years of fish size spectrum data and fishery potential (fishery monetary value in the Upper Paraná River Floodplain, Brazil), we demonstrate that the size spectrum exponent of native species has become more negative over time, indicating a relative decrease in the biomass of large versus small individuals. Conversely, the size spectrum exponent of non-native species has become less negative over time owing to the increased abundance of large species. Overall, fishery potential declined by more than 50% over time. Human land use replaced the coverage of natural environments, indirectly reducing native richness. This scenario decreased the exponent of the native size spectrum, indirectly reducing fishery potential. Our study illustrates how intensification of human land use alters the size structure of communities, favouring non-native individuals and suppressing ecosystem services.

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Fig. 1: Sampling stations, annual trends in land-use types, and mean richness and biomass of native and non-native fish species.
Fig. 2: Annual trends in size spectrum exponents and fishery potential across floodplain environments.
Fig. 3: Temporal changes in the relationship between native fish and whole-community and non-native size spectrum exponents across floodplain environments.
Fig. 4: Cascading effects of human land use on the fishery potential of floodplain environments.
Fig. 5: Relationship between size spectrum exponents and ecosystem service across floodplain environments.

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Data availability

The raw data that support the findings of this study are publicly available via figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.27252201 (ref. 75). Source data are provided with this paper.

Code availability

The code that supports the findings of this study is publicly available via figshare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.27252201 (ref. 75).

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Brazilian Long-Term Ecological Research Program (PELD-PIAP/CNPq). D.A.M. received a postdoctoral grant from FAPESP (Process Number 2022/13301-8). V.S. and D.M.P. were supported by Royal Society Newton Mobility Grant NMG\R1\201121. V.S. was supported by FAPESP (Process Number 2022/01452-1) during the writing of this study. G.Q.R. was supported by FAPESP (grants 2019/08474-8, 2022/10765-3 and 2023/01589-0) and by a CNPq-Brazil productivity grant and, together with P.K., was funded by the Royal Society, Newton Advanced Fellowship (grant NAF/R2/180791). P.K. was supported by an NERC Pushing the Frontiers grant (NE/Y001184/1). F.T.M. and M.B.G. are supported by SNI-ANII (Sistema Nacional de investigadores), and F.T.M. received financial support from Geosciencias and Biología (Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas). A.A.A., C.C.B., B.R.S.F. and R.P.M. are productivity researchers receiving grants from CNPq.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Interações Multitróficas e Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil

    Dieison A. Moi & Gustavo Q. Romero

  2. Environmental Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil

    Victor S. Saito

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil

    Bárbara A. Quirino, Diego C. Alves, Angelo A. Agostinho, Claudia C. Bonecker & Roger P. Mormul

  4. Department of Statistics, Center for Exact Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil

    Diego C. Alves

  5. Laboratory of Management, Ecology, And Marine Technology, Department of Fishing Engineering and Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Laguna, Brazil

    Marcelo H. Schmitz

  6. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil

    Claudia C. Bonecker, Roger P. Mormul & Edson K. Okada

  7. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil

    Claudia C. Bonecker

  8. Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional Este, CURE, Universidad de la República, UDELAR, Maldonado, Uruguay

    Margenny Barrios & Franco Teixeira de Mello

  9. School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    Pavel Kratina

  10. Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainability, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    Pavel Kratina

  11. Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University of London, London, UK

    Daniel M. Perkins

  12. Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil

    Bruno R. S. Figueiredo

Authors
  1. Dieison A. Moi
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  2. Victor S. Saito
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  3. Bárbara A. Quirino
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Contributions

Authors are listed in order of contribution. D.A.M., V.S. and G.Q.R. developed the original ideas presented in the manuscript. A.A.A., C.C.B. and R.P.M. coordinated all the field operations. Land-use cover calculations were performed by M.H.S. B.A.Q. performed size spectrum data compilation. D.A.M. and V.S. performed the statistical analysis. D.A.M. wrote the first draft of the paper, and further drafts were written by D.A.M., V.S., B.A.Q., D.C.A., A.A.A., M.H.S., C.C.B., M.B., P.K., D.M.P., F.T.M., B.R.S.F., R.P.M., E.K.O. and G.Q.R. G.Q.R. supervised the study and is the senior author.

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Correspondence to Dieison A. Moi.

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Supplementary Information

Supplementary methods, Figs 1–15, Tables 1–6 and model diagnostic plots.

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Source data

Source Data Fig. 1

Statistical source data: temporal change in land-use cover, fish richness and fish biomass in the Upper Paraná floodplain environments.

Source Data Fig. 2

Statistical source data: temporal change in the size spectrum exponent of native species, the whole community and non-native species, and in fishery potential in the Upper Paraná floodplain environments.

Source Data Fig. 3

Statistical source data: temporal change in the relationship between the size spectrum exponent of native species and the size spectrum exponent of the whole community and non-native species in the Upper Paraná floodplain environments.

Source Data Fig. 4

Statistical source data: SEM results.

Source Data Fig. 5

Statistical source data: relationship of the size spectrum exponent of native and non-native species with fishery potential in the Upper Paraná floodplain environments.

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Moi, D.A., Saito, V.S., Quirino, B.A. et al. Human land use and non-native fish species erode ecosystem services by changing community size structure. Nat Ecol Evol 9, 801–809 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02696-6

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